Elasto-plastic stress and deformation analysis around circular tunnels. Derivation of elasto-plastic convergence-confinement curves. Analysis of tunnel end-effects (Panet curves). Principles of numerical methods for the analysis of underground structures (modeling of the 3-D problem in 2-D) - rockmass loosening methods (methods of deconfinement and stiffness reduction). Numerical analyses of the excavation and temporary support (staged excavation, temporary support measures) using Finite Element programs (application using the computer program RS2). Analysis of the loading on the permanent support of tunnels. Analysis of face stability and face reinforcement techniques.


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